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For many centuries, women were not allowed to study at universities or gain education in medical professions. In Europe, in modern history, studying at a university, including in the field of medicine, was only possible for them in Italy. The first institution to educate women was medical school in Salerno, and later University of Padua and University of Bologna also opened their door for women [1]. One of the pioneers in the medical and scientific professions was Dorothea Christiana Erxleben — , who was the first woman in Germany to graduate from a university in the German city of Halle, and defended her doctoral dissertation there in receiving an MD [2].
The scientific revolution as well as gradual cultural and social changes in the second half of the 19th century enabled women to study medicine. Upon return to Great Britain, in , she established, along with other female doctors, the first medical school for women — London School of Medicine for Women [4]. On the Polish lands, the pioneer of the medical profession was Anna Tomaszewicz-Dobrska — Fig.
She completed medical studies in Zurich in , and validated her diploma in Saint Petersburg at the Medical and Surgical Academy. It is worth stressing that the first woman was admitted to the faculty of medicine at the University of Zurich in [6, 7]. This American-based doctor received her diploma in and worked in the hospital in New York established by Elizabeth Blackwell [9].
In all annexed regions, women could not study medicine within the country and usually completed studies in Switzerland, France, Belgium. It all changed on March 23, After the parliament in Vienna adopted an appropriate law, women in Krakow and Lviv were allowed to study medicine. Not everyone was willing to accept and come to terms with such a significant socio-cultural change. In Warsaw, it was not until , when the Faculty of Medicine was opened, that women could become fully-fledged members of the academic community [1, 4].