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To browse Academia. Aleks Pluskowski. Felix Riede. Andreas Hennius. Ruralia XIII. Eva Svensson. The driving force behind agrarian settlement colonisation in the forested Scandinavian inlands in the centuries around or after AD appears to have been the hunt for luxury commodities traded to the elites, such as furs. The settlement colonisation was carried out through an innovation package encompassing farmstead — shieling — outland use, due to limited natural conditions suitable for agriculture.
When the market broke down in the High Middle Ages, the forest peasants increased the agrarian outland use and the local self-subsistence economy. In particular shielings, seasonally used sites for cattle breeding, hay making, and occasionally some cereal cultivation in the outland have proven to have been adaptable and flexible key enablers for sustainable local communities.
However, pollen analyses have shown that cereal cultivation was the major land use at some historically known shieling sites, and had been so since their founding in the Early to Middle Iron Age, c. Although cereal cultivation was present on most shielings, and there were fields for outland cereal cultivation, these most often date to the second half of the Middle Ages and early modern times, and were part of the increased agrarian outland use that took place after the collapse of the market for outland commodities.
In this chapter it is therefore argued that the finds of substantial cereal cultivation from the time of agrarian settlement colonisation in the Early to Middle Iron Age at some historically known shieling sites point either to outland cereal cultivation being another component of the settlement colonisation innovation package, or that the settlement colonisation could be staged through a system of satellite farmsteads.