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Either your web browser doesn't support Javascript or it is currently turned off. In the latter case, please turn on Javascript support in your web browser and reload this page. Refer to the copyright information in the article for licensing details. Free full text in Europe PMC. Adipose tissue performs immunoregulatory functions in addition to fat storage. Various T cells in different fat depots either help maintain metabolic homeostasis under healthy conditions or contribute to metabolic disorders in pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or even cancer.
These T cells play critical roles in immunometabolism, which refers to the intersection of immunity and metabolism. Numerous studies have examined the presence and changes of different T cell subsets, including helper T cells, regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and natural killer T cells, in adipose depots in health and diseases. In this review, we will discuss the adipose tissue niches that influence the patterns and functions of T cell subsets and in turn the impact of these T cells on cell- or body-based immunometabolism accounting for health and obesity.
Immunometabolism focuses on the interaction of immunity and metabolism, from metabolic patterns of immune cells to metabolic homeostasis or disorders dominated by immune cells. The former, as reviewed by Man et al. The latter is tissue immunometabolism , which explores the impacts of immune cells on tissue and systemic metabolism in various microenvironments 1 — 4.
The immune system, which is influenced by the metabolic status of the body, in turn produces substantial impacts on local and systemic metabolic homeostasis or disorders. In recent years, the effects of immune responses on metabolic abnormalities such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease have drawn great interest from researchers, and emerging evidence has suggested that adipose tissue serves as an important inter-section linking immunity with metabolism 4 , 5.