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Published on Authors of this article:. Background: The underuse or overuse of knowledge products leads to waste in health care, and primary care is no exception. Objective: This study aimed to characterize which knowledge products are frequently implemented, the implementation strategies used in primary care, and the implementation outcomes that are measured. The inclusion criteria were any primary care contexts, health care professionals and patients, any Effective Practice and Organization of Care implementation strategies of specified knowledge products, any comparators, and any implementation outcomes based on the Proctor framework.
We searched the references of the included SRs. Pairs of reviewers independently performed selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment by using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2. Data extraction was informed by the Effective Practice and Organization of Care taxonomy for implementation strategies and the Proctor framework for implementation outcomes.
We performed a descriptive analysis and summarized the results by using a narrative synthesis. Results: Of the 11, records identified, 81 0. Moreover, 15 SRs had a high or moderate methodological quality. Conclusions: Clinical practice guidelines and management and behavioral or pharmacological health interventions are the most commonly implemented knowledge products and are implemented through the mixed use of educational, reminder, and audit and feedback strategies. There is a need for a strong methodology for the SR of randomized controlled trials to explore their effectiveness and the entire cascade of implementation outcomes.
The effective implementation of knowledge products is essential for improving and sustaining the well-being of populations and reducing waste in health care. In , health care spending represented However, the underuse of effective knowledge products that would be beneficial to the population, combined with the misuse or overuse of knowledge products that offer no added value or even provide more harm than benefits to populations, contribute to this lack of impact and waste [ 3 , 4 ].