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Sharp wave-ripples SPW-Rs are a hippocampal network phenomenon critical for memory consolidation and planning. SPW-Rs have been extensively studied in the adult brain, yet their developmental trajectory is poorly understood. While SPWs have been recorded in rodents shortly after birth, the time point and mechanisms of ripple emergence are still unclear. Here, we combine in vivo electrophysiology with optogenetics and chemogenetics in 4 to day-old mice to address this knowledge gap.
We show that ripples are robustly detected and induced by light stimulation of channelrhodopsintransfected CA1 pyramidal neurons only from postnatal day 10 onwards. Leveraging a spiking neural network model, we mechanistically link the maturation of inhibition and ripple emergence. We corroborate these findings by reducing ripple rate upon chemogenetic silencing of CA1 interneurons.
Thus, development of inhibition promotes ripples emergence. Sharp wave-ripples SPW-Rs are the most synchronous events observed in the brain of all mammalian species studied so far. They represent not only a prominent signature of hippocampal electrical activity but serve a critical role in hippocampal function 1 , 2. SPW-Rs replay and strengthen recently acquired memories, and facilitate the transfer of information between the hippocampus and other brain regions, most notably the neocortex 3 , 4 , 5 , 6.