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The laboratory rat was the first mammal domesticated for research purposes. It is descended from wild Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus , which despite their name likely originated in Asia. Exceptionally adaptable, these rodents now inhabit almost all environments on Earth, especially near human settlements where they are often seen as pests. The laboratory rat thrives in captivity, and its domestication has produced many inbred and outbred lines that are used for different purposes, including medical trials and behavioral studies.
Differences between wild Norway rats and their laboratory counterparts were first noted in the early 20 th century and led some researchers to later question its value as a model organism. While these views are probably unjustified, the advanced domestication of the laboratory rat does suggest that resuming studies of wild rats could benefit the wider research community.
The Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus , is known by many names such as the brown rat, common rat, sewer rat, Hanover rat, Norwegian rat, city rat, water rat and wharf rat. Living in close proximity to humans, wild Norway rats are often considered pests Khlyap et al. They are well known for invading and damaging property, spoiling food supplies and spreading diseases Kosoy et al.
Their seemingly unrestricted capacity to reproduce, their ferocious appetite which can result in cannibalism and their remarkable ability to survive in adverse and often unsanitary conditions only seem to worsen their reputation among many in the general public.